After posting a series of three
articles on Mormonism, I was fortunate enough to get a few responses to my blog
posts from members of the LDS Church. They were all extremely gracious and
genuinely concerned about “setting the record straight.” Most wanted to remain
anonymous; however, Steve posted directly within the comments section on the
blog and invited any and all people curious about his faith to contact him.
Thank you Steve for your openness and willingness to participate in this
important conversation.
Steve’s comments were very
detailed, and it has taken me a few days to digest enough of the material to
form an adequate response and to identify areas where further clarification is
needed. Because the material is lengthy, I will be breaking it up into
sections, which I will post in a series over the next few days/weeks (depending
on the demands on my time in the real world). This first response is dedicated
exclusively to the thorny subject of plural marriage.
Please see below a portion of Steve’s original message my
response:
Steve: I just randomly ran into this blog post through Google, and
since I have a little bit of time on my hands, and there have been some
comments or requests for a response from a Mormon on this post, I don’t mind
responding. Just a little background info—I am a young entrepreneur, my wife is
a student finishing up her master’s degree, and we have a little baby girl
almost 8 months old. I love composing music, studying science, and playing most
sports—but especially soccer. I was baptized a member of the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints at a young age and have been a member for close to
20 years. I did serve a full time mission for the church a while back at 19-21
years old, but currently do not hold any special or authoritative position in
the church in which I could speak officially for the church. For the most part,
I’m just a normal guy and I’ll do my best to “weigh in and correct or clarify
any misrepresentations [the author might have made]” from just my own personal
standpoint as a Mormon. Quickly going through, here are some of the things the
stick out to me as misrepresented or wrong:
“readily overturned major doctrinal tenants on polygamy… in the interest of political expediency.”
“readily overturned major doctrinal tenants on polygamy… in the interest of political expediency.”
There are a few loaded issues with
this statement. The doctrines or policies I believe you were referencing were
not overturned readily, and from a Mormon perspective definitely not out of
political expediency… Mormons believe in continuing revelation through our
leaders who we sustain as prophets, seers, and revelators. If you are familiar
with any revelation found in the LDS cannon, including the Bible, it is more
often than not given in a response to a particular question weighing on the
mind of God’s people. God cannot answer a question if it is not asked. It
should not be surprising then that in the late 1800’s when Mormon’s were being
heavily persecuted over polygamy that the Prophet leading the church would
inquire concerning its future…I am personally grateful that God has given us
prophets who help us as a people and a church to course correct and leave
behind former ignorance.
KM: Polygamy is not just an idea or practice that was carried out
by a few misguided members of the church. It was a basic tenant of doctrine,
etched into scripture, and supposedly the direct word of God. I have excerpted
passages from the LDS Doctrine and Covenants, Section 132, attributed to a
revelation from God to Joseph Smith, recorded in Nauvoo in 1843, but “known” by
Smith since more than a decade earlier.[1]
I provide the link to the LDS website where the complete text can be found. Section
132 deals primarily with the covenant of marriage and explicitly justifies
polygamy (in great detail). I have abbreviated the section below (it appears that the Lord suffers from an extreme case of literary reduncancy), but I urge
all to take a gander at the original text.
1 Verily, thus saith the Lord
unto you my servant Joseph, that inasmuch as you have inquired of my hand to
know and understand wherein I, the Lord, justified my servants Abraham, Isaac,
and Jacob, as also Moses, David and Solomon, my servants, as touching the
principle and doctrine of their having many awivesand bconcubines—…
34 God acommanded Abraham,
and Sarah gave bHagar to
Abraham to wife. And why did she do it? Because this was the law; and from
Hagar sprang many people. This, therefore, was fulfilling, among other things,
the promises.
35 Was
Abraham, therefore, under condemnation? Verily I say unto you, Nay; for I, the
Lord, acommanded it.
37 Abraham
received aconcubines,
and they bore him children; and it was accounted unto him for righteousness,
because they were given unto him, and he abode in my law; as Isaac also andbJacob did
none other things than that which they were commanded; and because they did
none other things than that which they were commanded, they have entered into
theircexaltation,
according to the promises, and sit upon thrones, and are not angels but are
gods.
38 David
also received amany wives
and concubines, and also Solomon and Moses my servants, as also many others of
my servants, from the beginning of creation until this time; and in nothing did
they sin save in those things which they received not of me.
39 aDavid’s
wives and concubines were bgiven unto
him of me, by the hand of Nathan, my servant, and others of the prophets who
had the ckeys of
this power; and in none of these things did he dsinagainst
me save in the case of eUriah and
his wife; and, therefore he hath ffallen from
his exaltation, and received his portion; and he shall not inherit them out of
the world, for I ggave them
unto another, saith the Lord.
40 I am
the Lord thy God, and I gave unto thee, my servant Joseph, an aappointment,
and restore all things. Ask what ye will, and it shall be given unto you
according to my word.
41 And as
ye have asked concerning adultery, verily, verily, I say unto you, if a man areceiveth a
wife in the new and everlasting covenant, and if she be with another man, and I
have not appointed unto her by the holy banointing,
she hath committedcadultery and
shall be destroyed.
42 If she
be not in the new and everlasting covenant, and she be with another man, she
has acommitted adultery.
43 And if
her husband be with another woman, and he was under a avow,
he hath broken his vow and hath committed adultery.
44 And if
she hath not committed adultery, but is innocent and hath not broken her vow,
and she knoweth it, and I reveal it unto you, my servant Joseph, then shall you
have power, by the power of my Holy Priesthood, to take her and agive her
unto him that hath not committed badultery but
hath been cfaithful;
for he shall be made ruler over many.
46 And
verily, verily, I say unto you, that whatsoever you aseal on
earth shall be sealed in heaven; and whatsoever you bbind on
earth, in my name and by my word, saith the Lord, it shall be eternally bound
in the heavens; and whosesoever sins you cremiton
earth shall be remitted eternally in the heavens; and whosesoever sins you
retain on earth shall be retained in heaven.
51 Verily,
I say unto you: A commandment I give unto mine handmaid, Emma Smith, your wife,
whom I have given unto you, that she stay herself and partake not of that which
I commanded you to offer unto her; for I did it, saith the Lord, to aprove you
all, as I did Abraham, and that I might require an offering at your hand, by
covenant and sacrifice.
52 And
let mine handmaid, Emma Smith, areceive all
those that have been given unto my servant Joseph, and who are virtuous and
pure before me; and those who are not pure, and have said they were pure, shall
be destroyed, saith the Lord God.
54 And I
command mine handmaid, Emma Smith, to abide andacleave unto
my servant Joseph, and to none else. But if she will not abide this commandment
she shall be bdestroyed,
saith the Lord; for I am the Lord thy God, and will destroy her if she abide
not in my law.
55 But if
she will not abide this commandment, then shall my servant Joseph do all things
for her, even as he hath said; and I will bless him and multiply him and give
unto him an ahundredfoldin
this world, of fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, houses and lands,
wives and children, and crowns of beternal lives
in the eternal worlds.
61 And
again, as pertaining to the law of the priesthood—if any man espouse a virgin,
and desire to espouse aanother,
and the first give her consent, and if he espouse the second, and they are virgins,
and have vowed to no other man, then is he justified; he cannot commit adultery
for they are given unto him; for he cannot commit adultery with that that
belongeth unto him and to no one else.
62 And if
he have aten virgins
given unto him by this law, he cannot commit adultery, for they belong to him,
and they are given unto him; therefore is he justified.
63 But if
one or either of the ten virgins, after she is espoused, shall be with another
man, she has committed adultery, and shall be destroyed; for they are given
unto him to amultiply and
replenish the earth, according to my commandment, and to fulfil the promise
which was given by my Father before the foundation of the world, and for their
exaltation in the eternal worlds, that they may bear the souls of men; for
herein is the work of my Father continued, that he may be bglorified.
64 And
again, verily, verily, I say unto you, if any man have a wife, who holds the
keys of this power, and he teaches unto her the law of my priesthood, as
pertaining to these things, then shall she believe and administer unto him, or
she shall be destroyed, saith the Lord your God; for I will destroy her; for I
will magnify my name upon all those who receive and abide in my law.
65 Therefore,
it shall be lawful in me, if she receive not this law, for him to receive all
things whatsoever I, the Lord his God, will give unto him, because she did not
believe and administer unto him according to my word; and she then becomes the
transgressor; and he is exempt from the law of Sarah, who administered unto
Abraham according to the law when I commanded Abraham to take aHagar to
wife.
KMs Synopsis: God says, “Emma, your husband is going to take a lot
of wives and screw around and that’s okay because all my prophets of the past
(i.e. powerful men) have done the same with my blessing. Be a good wife and
stop complaining, and don’t think you can have sex with multiple partners just
because he does. Girls aren’t allowed to have fun. Joseph Smith is my
mouthpiece on earth, everybody should just do as he says or be destroyed. ”
It is well-documented that when
Smith first presented the idea of polygamy, his wife Emma was understandably adamantly
opposed to the idea, and many of his early plural marriages took place without
her knowing and without her consent. Then revelation 132 put an end to any
questions about the morality of plural marriages. Emma was forced to comply,
but after Smith’s death, Emma and her supporters established the Reorganized
LDS church in Missouri (Emma did not travel west to Utah with Prophet Brigham
Young, the founder of the LDS church). In the Reorganized LDS church polygamy
was not promoted or openly practiced.
Even before Smith received the
prophecy telling him to take multiple wives, he had a reputation for
womanizing. Historical confirmation of this includes letters from Emma’s cousin
who repeatedly accuses Smith of “improper conduct with women.”[2]
A mob that tarred and feathered Smith in Ohio was said to be infuriated by
Smith’s advances on a teenage girl, who later became a plural wife. Some historical documents indicate that the
mob’s intention was to castrate Smith. One has to wonder what drove them to
such a dramatic course of action.
Emma Smith wasn’t the only person
who objected to Smith’s promotion of polygamy. The primary co-author of the
Book of Mormon, Oliver Cowdery was particularly distraught. He wrote to his
brother that Smith’s polygamous exploits were a “dirty, nasty, filthy affair.”
Cowdery was ultimately excommunicated for “seeking to destroy the character of
President Joseph Smith.” Smith revealed prophecy 132 during this period of
in-group turmoil. Also, Smith claimed (as noted above) that he had received the
prophecy several years earlier, thus justifying his behavior to date. It all
seems just a bit too convenient.
Having thus been established,
polygamy became deeply entrenched in the LDS population that migrated and
settled in Utah. The United States government made no bones about refusing Utah
statehood based on “the Mormon problem,” i.e. polygamy. As Steve notes, the LDS
church resisted giving in. California, Nevada and other territories all passed
into statehood without controversy, but all of Utah’s applications were
rejected. Frustrated by the tenacity of the polygamists, the United States
government started chipping away at the Utah territory, annexing great sections
onto Nevada. Seeing their autonomy and landholdings literally disappearing
before their eyes, the Mormons relented and publicly denounced polygamy. Utah
was almost immediately granted statehood. I don’t think there is any doubt in
any historian’s mind that polygamy was sacrificed in the interest of statehood
and by extension, political expediency.
I
am very interested in any information that could provide an alternative way of
interpreting these events.
I believe that to admit that the
doctrine of polygamy was a “mistake” raises questions about the validity of all remaining doctrine. The argument that that “God has given us prophets who
help us as a people and a church to course correct and leave behind former
ignorance” suggests that former (ignorant) prophecies can ultimately be deemed
to be fallacious. When viewing the entirety of the scriptures, which as noted
are revealed through prophecy, how is one to know which are “ignorant” and which
are divinely inspired?
Question: If Smith received a
prophecy regarding polygamy that was explicit, heavily justified and lengthy
that is now believed to be in error, how can one view the rest of the Mormon
scripture, received by the same prophet as accurate?
Having said that, as I note in my
blog post “The Differences between Mormon Christianity and OtherChristianities,” the evolving nature and continued “revelation” in Mormonism
that allows it to correct obvious problems in doctrine is one of the qualities
I find to be the most agreeable aspects of the LDS philosophy. It takes a fine character to admit one has made a mistake and to correct it.
I would ask all who respond to this
post to do so politely. We are all entitled to our opinions, and need to respect each other’s rights to the same. At the end of the day, it is humbling to consider that we
are all probably wrong. I will look forward to a robust and respectful
discourse.
-KM
[2]
The source I am citing for this information is Mormon America by Richard and Joan Ostling. Please see Chapter 4.
Killing Mother-
ReplyDeleteI would have to ask how a god who is omniscient and omnipotent makes so many grievous errors? I mean you could almost understand missing a birthday or anniversary, but polygamy, racism and homophobia??
There is another 'revelation' that I found almost amusing at its 'coincidental' timing. I was living in Utah in the mid-70's and the LDS church was facing the loss of its tax exempt status due to its refusal to admit blacks to the clergy. Spencer Kimbal, then President of the church, woke up one morning, very close to the deadline as I recall, and reported his revelation of the night before...Blacks would be admitted to the clergy!
It probably won't be long before they realize god screwed up again on the whole gay marriage thing and will need to contact a prophet to get that whole mess clarified. Jeez...
Jim, My guess is that the rest of the country will need to purge bigotry against LGBT persons before the Mormons get a revelation on this one. Revulsion against polygamy and racism were both well-established within the majority public conscience before LDS acted. Disgustingly, the media is still presenting the case of equal rights for LGBT persons as if their biology is a "moral" choice. We have a long way to go in America before bigots of any persuasion are going to be shamed out of their hateful views, unfortunately.
DeleteI have a different view on the article and the "data".
ReplyDeleteGod is what he is for each person. The LDS Church is the Church of God. I have proven it many times each day for over 35 years.
The process for change can include getting political heat or legal heat. This happens with regular members also.
This blog is written very well. The author takes her time and does a good job.
The real question should be: How does a reasonable person stay active in the LDS Church with the type of verified data that is available which makes the Church look pretty stupid?
The simple answer is: They know God, and understand he permits situations to happen.
God is not into image. He is into crafting souls for eternal life. God knows what he is doing. It is his planet and universe.
Anonymous, Thank you very much for sharing your perspective. As you note, "God is what he is for each person." We are each at liberty to define the divine for ourselves and draw some awe and comfort from that. The dew on the ground that reflects the morning light, the unfolding of a butterfly from her cocoon, the drilling of a woodpecker on a dead tree, the unbridled joy my dog is capable of expressing, the miracle of a blade of grass. These things plus countless more are my doctrine. To each his own.
DeleteThank you for taking the time to respond the the first portion of my response. It will likewise probably take a while for me to give a full response here, but I did want to point out something quickly. You quoted me as saying:
ReplyDelete"It should not be surprising then that in the late 1800’s when Mormon’s were being heavily persecuted over polygamy that the Prophet leading the church would inquire concerning its future…I am personally grateful that God has given us prophets who help us as a people and a church to course correct and leave behind former ignorance."
The last "..." was a very large edit from my original post, and gives the final sentence an entirely new meaning from what I intended. The last sentence while I see it as generically true, was in context primarily in reference to not bestowing priesthood authority on those of African descent based on a common Christian-American assumption that African's are descendants of Ham, whom Noah cursed as to the priesthood.
While many believed that Africans were indeed descendants of Ham, this was never a doctrine of the church, and it is my personal belief that this it is not at all true. This is one of those instances I believe the prophet at the time of receiving a revelation that allowed all worthy males to have the priesthood bestowed, helped the church to "leave behind former ignorance".
But since this post is focused on polygamy, to keep my original intended meaning that last sentence should be taken out. I do not believe that polygamy was a mistake or done out of ignorance. As your references show, polygamy was a revealed doctrine from early 1830's. It is interesting to read accounts of Joseph Smith resisting the doctrine as revealed to him, as well as other leaders when Joseph first revealed it to them. It was definitely counter the culture of the time, as it is today, and was not intuitive for Joseph to accept the revelation, or the church as a whole when it was revealed to them. But in time he took his first plural wife in 1835, and then it wasn't until between mid-1841 and his death in June of 1844 that he married around 30 other woman--the majority of which were fully non-sexual.
I sympathize with your viewpoint, because if I were relatively new to the history of Joseph Smith, I would have immediately, as you have, assumed that polygamy was "revealed" to appease some hyper-sexual man. But as I have made a life-long study of Joseph Smith's history, I can tell you now that I see that assumption to be totally inaccurate. The events you mentioned indeed can be interpreted in an entirely different light. But I'm getting ahead of myself, I'll need to wait until I can sit down and give this post a proper response.
I noticed with Joseph Smith (and myself) that the view of events change with time and as I change. This is a difficult principle to deal with. If you take the ever changing strategies of the adversary (Satan), and the differences between generations - passing down traditions like cutting the ends off the ham for a dinner, the processes are important, not the details.
DeleteWhat is important is how we treat one another, and how we serve one another. I notice each new member of a ward brings something to the table. One person can completely change a ward.
In the end what we hand back to God (our crafted soul)will determine the quality of our Eternal life. I knew God before I joined the LDS Church. What the LDS Church has is the ordinances that are needed for Eternal life. How the ordinances came into existence is not important.